Фонетика
Phonetics: vowels
This table shows English vowel sounds with IPA symbols (International Phonetic Alphabet) and standard symbols (std). The words in parentheses represent the IPA transcription. Standard symbols are used in most English dictionaries.
For each sound there is a word that demonstrates where the sound occurs (word initial, middle, or word final) and how the sound occurs (what letter or letter combinations). Click on the words to get an idea of these sounds. Pay attention to the sound of the letters in bold.
|
| English Vowel Sounds | ||||
| IPA | std | examples | ||
| I | ĭ | it (It) | dish (dI  ) | |
| i | ē | she ( i) | green (g  in | machine (m  in) |
| sunny (s  ni) | ski (ski) | please (pliz) | ||
 | ĕ | red ( d) | head (h d) | said (s d) |
| any ( ni) | ||||
| ă | and ( nd) | plaid (pl d) | |
 | ŏ | hot (h t | father (f   ) | |
 | ô | August ( gst) | thaw (  ) | bought b t) |
| fall (f l) | ||||
 |  | put (p t) | book (b k) | should ( d) |
| u | ū | room (rum) | who (hu) | through ( ru) |
| you (ju) | shoe ( u) | July (  uli) | ||
| flew (flu) | two (tu) | blue (blu) | ||
| ŭ | up ( p) | tough (t f) | |
 | | sofa (s  f) | enemy ( nmi) | incredible (Inkr dbl) |
| gallop (g lp) | focus (f ks) | |||
| The symbol is called a schwa. | ||||
| Diphthongs | ||||
| eI | ā | they ( eI) | gray (g eI) | aid (eId) |
| ate (eIt) | great (greIt) | freight (freIt) | ||
| résumé (r zumei) | ||||
| aI | ī | fine (faIn) | aisle (aIl) | sight (saIt) |
| why (waI) | bye (baI) | lie (laI) | ||
| buy (baI) | guide (gaId) | |||
 | oi | toy (t ) | noise (n z) | |
 | ou | cow (k ) | house (h s) | |
| ō | snowing (sn wIŋ) | sew (s ) | though ( ) |
| hello (h l) | toe (t ) | soap (s p) | ||
| ju | y | unite (junaIt) | humid (hjumId | few (fju) |
| ewe(ju) | youth (ju ) | eulogy (jul gi) | ||
| Vowel sounds with "r" endings | ||||
 | arm ( m) | guard (g d) | heart (h t) | |
 | ore ( ) | floor (fl r) | four (f ) | |
| more (m ) | ||||
 | near (n ) | here (h ) | cheers (  s) | |
| pier (p ) | ||||
 | hair (h ) | where (w ) | mare (m ) | |
| merry (m I) | their (  ) | |||
| burn (b n) | learn (l n) | sir (s ) | |
| October ( ktb) | worm (w m | |||
Phonetics: consonants
Here is a table of English consonant sounds and their IPA symbols. The words in parentheses represent the IPA transcription.
Note that the examples are in three columns. The first column provides an example of the sound when it is word initial (at the beginning of the word). The second column provides an example of the sound when it is word internal (in the middle of the word). The third column provides an example of the sound when it is word final (at the end of the word). Note also that for each letter the examples show different spellings that produce the same sound.
Click on the words to get an idea of these sounds. Pay attention to the sound of the letters in bold.
|
| English Consonant Sounds | |||
| IPA | initial | internal | final |
| p | please (pliz) | purple (p pl) | help (h lp) |
| apple ( pl) | grape (greIp) | ||
| b | book (b k) | noble (n bl) | web (w b) |
| cabbage (k bI g) | |||
| f | five (faIv) | fifty (fIfti) | gulf (g lf) |
| raffle (r fl) | off ( f) | ||
| phone (f n) | hyphen (haIf n) | nymph (nImf) | |
| roughly (r fli) | tough (t f) | ||
| v | vanilla (v nIl) | seven (s vn) | five (faIv) |
 | thirty ( ti) | nothing (n Iŋ) | path (p ) |
| they ( eI) | father (f ) | breathe (bri ) |
| t | ten (t n) | autumn ( tm) | hit (hIt) |
| attain ( teIn) | mitt (mIt) | ||
| eighty (eIti) | freight (freIt) | ||
| baked* (beIkt) | |||
| white (weIt) | |||
| *Pronunciation of simple past –ed ending | |||
| d | dish (dI ) | widow (wId ) | red (r d) |
| adding ( dIŋ) | guide (g  d) | ||
| s | sir (s ) | thesis ( iss) | books (b ks) |
| scissors (sIz z) | massage (m s ) | miss (mIs) | |
| center (s nt) | December (dIs mb) | ice (is) | |
| psychology (saIk lgi) | six (sIks) | ||
| house (h s) | |||
| z | zero (z ) | freezing (frizIŋ) | ooze (uz) |
| fuzzy (f zi) | jazz ( z) | ||
| miser (maIz ) | dishes (dI z) | ||
| xenophobe (z nfb) | exit ( gzIt) | please (pliz) | |
| scissors (sIz z) | |||
| she ( i) | mushroom (m rum) | radish (r dI) |
| sure ( ) | pressure (pr ) | ||
| schist ( Ist) | fascist (f Ist) | ||
| tuition (tuI n) | cache (k ) | ||
| genre ( nr) | seizure (si ) | garage (g r) |
| fissure (fI ) | |||
| vision (vI n) | |||
| leisure (li ) | |||
| cheers ( s) | artichoke ( tIk | March (m ) |
| picture (pIk ) | watch (w ) | ||
| jump ( mp) | major (meI ) | |
| gentle ( ntl) | rigid (rI Id) | cage (keI ) | |
| badger (b ) | bridge (brI ) | ||
| k | king (kIŋ) | baker (beIk ) | pink (pIŋk) |
| rocket (r kt | black (bl k) | ||
| cold (k ld) | October ( ktb) | attic ( tIk) | |
| queen (kwin) | equal (ikw l) | ||
| orchid ( kId) | |||
| fix (fIks) | cake (keIk) | ||
| broccoli (br kli) | |||
| g | good (g d) | August ( gst) | drag (dr g) |
| foggy (f gi) | |||
| exotic ( gztIk) | |||
| m | May (meI) | humid (hjum d) | ma’am (m m) |
| summer (s m) | autumn ( tm) | ||
| lamb (l m) | |||
| n | no (n ) | raining (raInIŋ) | green (grin) |
| pneumonia (n mnj) | sunny (s ni) | sign (s n) | |
| knife (naIf) | unknown ( nn) | fine (faIn) | |
| ŋ | singer (sIŋ ) | spring (sprIŋ) | |
| pink (pIŋk) | |||
| w | winter (wInt ) | snowing (sn wIŋ) | |
| what (w t) | nowhere (n w) | ||
| one (w n) | |||
| j | yellow (j l) | mayor (meI ) | |
| unite (junIt) | beautiful (bjutIf l) | ||
| h | hot (h t) | mishap (mIsh p) | |
| l | look (l k) | eleven ( lvn) | cool (k l) |
| llama (l m) | hello (h l) | fall (f l) | |
| red (r d) | orange ( n) | or ( ) |
| merry (m i) | purr (p ) | ||
Джерело: https://www.lawlessenglish.com/learn-english/pronunciation/vowels-phonetics/
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